Monitoring Intrusion Detection Team Act - 1049 Words

Regardless of your accomplished hard work, your organization has experienced a security violation where sensitive information has likely been accessed or stolen. Excruciating as it may possibly be to acknowledge; at the moment you must deal with the circumstances presented to decrease the damage. Keep your cool getting flustered does nothing to solve the problem, and neither does ignoring or attempting to hide it. These incidents in the real world do happen all the time, and there are various explanations for such circumstances to take place, even accidental or unintentional explanations. Fallow protocol and use the organization security policy. Simply keep in mind that you can get help, and you can resolve the situation. Security policy†¦show more content†¦Action shall be based on the approved incident response plan† (The Computer Technology Documentation Project, 2015). First thing is first you must Remove Your Computer from the network, In order to discontinue the link that the hacker is exploiting (pull the Plug) on your PC, you have to quarantine it so that it cannot transmit on the network. Separation will avoid it from being utilized to harm other computers a long with deterring the hacker from progressing to be able to acquire files and other data. Remove the network cable out of your computer and shut down the Wi-Fi connection. If this is a laptop, there is normally a button to turn the Wi-Fi off. Do not depend on executing this through software, as the hacker s malware might correspond you something is turned off while it is in actuality still connected. It is possible to also utilize the Firewall to separate the computer from the network. Log into the Firewall and shut down port 3389. Do this from a computer that has not been compromised. Firewall rule settings can become cluttered in complicated implementations. Throughout stages, rule se ttings may possibly fall out of place with security policy. An assessment of the firewall rule settings focuses on those and additional concerns. This examination may perhaps turn up some exploit. An example could be that an administrator when troubleshooting a freshly installed application, places a rule that permits all

Techniques of Interrogation - 992 Words

Techniques of Interrogation One of the best training programs to implement into the police department is the Reid interrogation techniques. Interrogation and interviewing techniques became popular in 1947 by John E. Reid and Associates. Joseph P. Buckley stated that â€Å"The Reid Technique of Interviewing and Interrogation is now the most widely used approach to question subjects in the world (Buckley P. J., 2000).† There three- parts to the Reid process for solving a crime. The first stage that should be taking is to collect and analyze relative information from the crime scene thing that offers insight to the possible suspect and determine the direction an investigation should take. The second stage of the process interviewing people of interest using Behavior Analysis Interview (BAI) (Buckley P. J., 2000). The Behavior Analysis Interview is a non-accusatory process that allows detectives to interview a suspect using a question and answer procedure to provoke a suspect to show non- verbal truthfulnes s or deception. The third stage, if the offender has not admitted to the crime an accusatory interrogation is administered (Leave no marks, 2007). The Reid interrogation technique is believed to be a fail proof technique ,however, there are some reservations against using this technique on juvenile offenders (Constitutional Law(n.d). Implementing the Reid technique into the police departments learning curriculum will trulyShow MoreRelatedEnhanced Interrogation Techniques2144 Words   |  9 Pages Enhanced Interrogation [Name of the Writer] [Name of the Institution] Enhanced Interrogation Introduction Interrogation (also known as interpellation or questioning) is referred as interviewing. This activity is often executed by officers of military, police and intelligence agencies. 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Power Impact On Relationship Of Psychology - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Power and its impact on therapeutic relationships of psychology. Answer: Mental health care is critically different from the other health care programs or genres, and the most profound difference in the two different types of health care services is the extreme dependence of the patients or clients on their clinical therapists. A mental patient is not just depended for his or her health care benefits, but they are also extremely dependent on their clinical therapist for their basic wellbeing as well. It is common knowledge that in case of health care the dependence in most cases is necessary and inevitable, however this extreme dependence often paves way for power imbalances in the therapeutic relationships that the patients have with their health care provider. Many authors have discussed the implication of power imbalance and its manifestation in the therapeutic relationship that the patients have with their mental health care provider. The unwarranted manifestation of this power in between the client and the health care provider is often the onset of r esponse issues within the care program. This essay will discuss the manifestation of power in the therapeutic relationship and its impact (Kelly et al., 2012). In the history of mental health care, there have been many transitions, each of the transitions has helped more or less in enhancing the effectiveness, and the safety of the care provided to the patients. In addition, the most important of the innovations that have occurred in the mental health care is the diagnosis based and patient centred care. The onset of a therapeutic relationship can be the one change in the mental health care that positively revolutionized the mental health delivery and the quality of the care. On an elaborative note, a therapy can be defined as any care practice or technique that is employed in order to treat or support a mental patient. The most important difference between a conventional care technique and therapy is the fact that a therapy requires enhanced active involvement of the patient rather than letting the patient be a passive participant in the process (Kelly et al., 2012). A therapeutic relationship on the other hand is the amalgamation of growi ng comfort and compassionate co-operation in between the mental patient and the care provider giving him or her therapy. By definition, a therapeutic relationship in general is the engagement of the therapist with the patient, which helps forge a mutually respectful and collaborative connection between the patient and the therapist. The therapeutic relationship between the therapist and the patient has a number of variables that define the dynamics of the therapeutic relationship that the individuals have. One very important aspect within the same is the fact that the mental patients and their family member bestow a lot of power to the therapist; hence, the onset of an inherent imbalance in term of power is inevitable in case of therapeutic relationships. On a more elaborative note, the clients, or mental patients that are engaged in the therapy provides the therapist with power which the therapist in turn uses for the benefit of the patients in care planning and critical decision making so that the patient can recover fast and can revert back to their regular lifestyle. However, the power invested on the hands of a psychologist is often accused to be mis- exercised and abused in case of the mental patients. However, in order to analyse or elaborate the factors that define the unequal or unjustified manifestatio n of power in the therapeutic relationships with the mental patients, it is crucial for individual pathways of the power manifestation to be critically analysed (Zuroff et al., 2010). According to the most of the research, the differential power gradient in the therapeutic relationships with the mental patients is critically associated with the assumption in the patients that the psychotherapists have more psychological strength, emotional control and stability than the mental patient involved in the therapy, hence entire decision-making and judging responsibility falls upon the therapists. Although, this understanding is completely flawed. According to the theories of Foucault, knowledge and power are inseparable, and in case of post modern narrative therapy. the sensibility and relevance of the therapy is based on the theory of Foucault, that the human beings utilize power and knowledge in an intricately linked manner, and it is reflected in case of the psychotherapists as well (Gough, McFadden McDonald, 2013). In order to provide the optimal care experience and helping them to recover faster, the therapists exercise the decisive power completely and in certain cases, it is helpful as well. For instance, in case of a mental patient with severe disconnection with the reality will depend completely on the therapist. According to the Hjelm (2014), in such cases the mental patient will have a sense of comfort in giving away the power led by the perception that their psychotherapist has a special psychological might or power. However, this frequent misperception in the patient-client relationship is based on the Freudian dogma or psychoanalytical therapy; where the concept of transference is the most important and deciding element of the therapy. In case of transference, the patient is coerced redirect the feelings of trust and dependency, that humans generally feel during childhood, is persuaded to transfer that power to the therapist. Although a little trust and dependency is required from the mental patient so that there is enough co-operation with the therapist in the activities that is going to be performed during the therapy. Although there is a significant drawback of phenomenon is the fact that the excessive dependency of the patient on the therapist bestows them with a power that is easily exploited (Zur, 2014). It has to be mentioned in this context that exceeding dependency is not always present in the therapeutic relationship, whereas, for the mental patients dealing with severe social rejection and abandonment anxiety, the dependency is often the only means of comfort for these patients. The only drawback in this case is the fact that this absolute transference of power makes these patient very vulnerable to the exploitation, which in most cases is not even deliberate from the clinical therapist (Perlman, 2012). It has to be mentioned in this context that the psychotherapists and counsellors understand the inherent power differential in the therapeutic relationship with a distressed client as a part of a job responsibility. In addition, it is critically ingrained within the psychotherapists perception is the fact that the considerable power imbalance must never be exploited under any circumstances. However, in the most of the scenarios, the power imbalance is manifested as an undercurrent within the practice. For instance, it has been reported frequently that the power imbalance is most of the times unnoticed by the therapists where the controlling and dominating stance in the care approach of the therapists is perceived as a part of the therapeutic relationship. Furthermore, in case of the patients, the patients facilitate the manifestation of the power imbalance as well. For instance, it has to be considered in this discussion that most of the psychotherapy or counselling clients is mostly distressed, traumatized, agitated and helpless; which in turn elevates the vulnerability that these patients are accustomed to feeling (Zuroff et al., 2010). Along with that the mental patients are often subjected to immense discrimination and social rejection. The stigmatization adds to their helplessness and increases the need for anyone reliable or compassionate in their life. In case of psychotherapy, the therapists and the compassionate and understanding care approach that the therapists take often is perceived as acceptance to the mental patients. This acceptance forces the mental patients to willingly transfer all the decisive power to the therapists and the dependency of the mental patient on the therapists increases multiple folds. Therefore, this group of mental patients or clients seeking therapy are at the most risk of being exploited by the therapists, and according to the most of the researchers the manifestation of the power imbalance in such cases only increases wit h the severity of the mental illness that the patient is suffering from (Bennetts, Cross Bloomer, 2011). Another very common source of manifestation of power imbalance is caused by the influence of societal determinants on this context. On a more elaborative note, it has already been addressed in the essay that the power imbalance or the difference in power in the therapeutic relationship is often ignored or unnoticed by the therapists themselves, where they are completely oblivious of the controlling and dominating approach in the care technique or therapy design. However, with the addition of the societal factors like race, socio-economic background, gender, sexual orientation and minority status of the mental patient can elevate the power imbalance effectively. In this case, the profound socio-cultural power dynamics and its impact on the therapeutic relationship can pave way effectively for the power difference to be manifested easily and further developed (Lee, 2010). Moreover, when the clinical psychotherapist or practitioner belongs to a strong cultural ideology, the conventional understanding of the above mentioned socio-cultural power dynamics affects the nature of the therapeutic relationship drastically. Most of the authors have suggested that in case of the therapists with a dominant cultural background, the therapists can be already inclined to devalue the cultural ideologies and the beliefs of the client. With the impact of the minor or lower socio-cultural standing of client overshadowing the dynamics of the therapeutic relationship, the manifestation of power difference is by far the most extreme in this case (Shelton Delgado-Romero, 2011). Although it has to be mentioned the need for power is crucial for the therapist to have in the therapeutic association with the patient, in order to provide the most effective and safe care to the mental patients. There have been many authors who have agreed to this age-old convention in psychotherapy that therapists should be bestowed with the decision making power, however it also needs to be mentioned that there are considerable criticism as well. With the emphasis of the health care industry on the patient preferences and informed consent, the new age in psychology mandates the therapists to empower their clients. This criticism of the power manifestation is supported by Lee (2010), in their argument they have stated that the power imbalance in the therapeutic relationships is the main cause of client dissatisfaction. The complete decisisve ability on the therapists hands often leaves the patients seeking therapy with a sense of helplessness and anxiety, which can be detrimental for the health, and wellbeing of the patient, completely defeating the purpose of the therapy. On the other hand, this idea is also criticised by another school of thought elaborated by Day (2010), the decisive power bestowed on the therapists have also been reported to be facilitating a sense of safety, security and confidence on the expertise of the therapists. Therefore, it can be safely concluded that a consensus regrading the impact of the power manifestation is significant, in order to arrive on a verdict, the impact of the manifestation on both the patients seeking therapy, the therapists and the therapeutic relation is required (Jahoda et al., 2009). Considering the impact of the power difference in the therapeutic relationship, first and foremost, it has to be discussed that the therapeutic bond between the client and the therapist is the core element of the clinical psychology. It has to be mentioned here that psychology is nothing above the general idea of help, where the experts of this field help the distressed people cope with the different afflictions of the ever-changing societal dynamics (Kanter, Tsai Kohlenberg, 2010). According to Ian Parker, the main purpose of the psychology as a clinical genre is being defeated with the complicated and critical treatment practice these days. With the growing power imbalance in the therapeutic relationships between vulnerable mental patients and their therapists, the practice standards have become more of a problem rather than being a solution. It has to be mentioned that patient centred care and autonomy is a fundamental element of safe and effective care practice, regardless of th e health care domain that the patient is seeking help from. Hence, the consent of the patients must be given the most priority whenever providing care to the patient, even in the case of therapeutic care (Totton, 2016). However in case of the power imbalance in the clinical psychology between the client and therapist complicates the ethics of the therapeutic bond and violates the concept of patient autonomy and patient centred care. According to the Parker (2007), there is a need for a change in the perception of the practice standards in the clinical psychology so that the intended or unintended exploitation of the power imbalance in the therapeutic settings can be addressed. On the other hand, for clients only seeking therapy for better living, there is no transference of power and therefore, there is no power imbalance. This is where the consensus regarding the power imbalance or unethical manifestation of power brews dense, where one school of thought affirms the power imbalance and the other brushes it off as myth (Diener Monroe, 2011). On a concluding note, it can be stated that there is a growing consensus regarding the power difference in the therapy setting of clinical psychology, where one school of thought agrees to the imbalance, the disagreement states the assumption of power imbalance to be a myth. Although, it has been explored in this essay that for the different groups of clients seeking therapy, vulnerable mental patients and clients only seeking therapy for better living, the scenario of power imbalance is completely different. The incidence and harmful impact of the differential power is only imparted for the vulnerable group of mental patients, and the magnitude of the impact cannot be overlooked either. Hence, the understanding of mutual respect and autonomy needs to be reinstated in the therapeutic setting, so that the trust placed by the vulnerable patients on their therapists is not exploited under any circumstances. References: Anderson, T., Knobloch-Fedders, L. M., Stiles, W. B., Ordoez, T., Heckman, B. D. (2012). The power of subtle interpersonal hostility in psychodynamic psychotherapy: A speech acts analysis.Psychotherapy Research,22(3), 348-362. Retrieved from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10503307.2012.658097 Bennetts, W., Cross, W., Bloomer, M. (2011). Understanding consumer participation in mental health: Issues of power and change.International journal of mental health nursing,20(3), 155-164. Retrieved from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1447-0349.2010.00719.x/full Day, A. (2010).Psychotherapists experience of power in the psychotherapy relationship(Doctoral dissertation, Middlesex University). Retrieved from https://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/13049/1/ADay_thesis.pdf Diener, M. J., Monroe, J. M. (2011). The relationship between adult attachment style and therapeutic alliance in individual psychotherapy: a meta-analytic review. Retrieved from https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2011-10752-001. Gough, B., McFadden, M., McDonald, M. (2013).Critical social psychology: An introduction. Palgrave Macmillan. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=GQ0dBQAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PP1dq=Gough,+B.,+McFadden,+M.,+%26+McDonald,+M.+(2013).+Critical+social+psychology:+An+introduction.+Palgrave+Macmillan.ots=soJfsRs3Y0sig=3VrcpB8ENJJ5urzzW3G5m2z2RZ0#v=onepageqf=false Hjelm, T. (2014).Social Constructionisms: Approaches to the Study of the Human World. Palgrave Macmillan. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=9FYdBQAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PP1ots=oV-T9qITVpsig=4yVX3zk0dfABbpHyiXkdekbmEsc#v=onepageqf=false Jahoda, A., Selkirk, M., Trower, P., Pert, C., Kroese, B. S., Dagnan, D., Burford, B. (2009). The balance of power in therapeutic interactions with individuals who have intellectual disabilities.British Journal of Clinical Psychology,48(1), 63-77. Retrieved from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1348/014466508X360746/abstract Kanter, J., Tsai, M., Kohlenberg, R. J. (Eds.). (2010). The practice of functional analytic psychotherapy. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=ohV-COMVPKwCoi=fndpg=PA172dq=Kanter,+J.,+Tsai,+M.,+%26+Kohlenberg,+R.+J.+(Eds.).+(2010).+The+practice+of+functional+analytic+psychotherapy.ots=JBl65tmsMKsig=jpbin7L1ByfNdEsuCAIZ6eKodcI#v=onepageq=Kanter%2C%20J.%2C%20Tsai%2C%20M.%2C%20%26%20Kohlenberg%2C%20R.%20J.%20(Eds.).%20(2010).%20The%20practice%20of%20functional%20analytic%20psychotherapy.f=false Kelly, V., Holttum, S., Evans, C., Shepherd, M. (2012). A discourse analysis of power in relation to PSYCHLOPS (Psychological outcome profiles) in the context of CBT for psychosis.Counselling and Psychotherapy Research,12(4), 247-256. Retrieved from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1080/14733145.2012.672439/full Lee, J. (2010). Perceived power imbalance and customer dissatisfaction.The Service Industries Journal,30(7), 1113-1137. Retrieved from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02642060802298384 Parker, I. (2007). Revolution in psychology: Alienation to emancipation. Retrieved from https://philpapers.org/rec/PARRIP Perlman, A. (2012).Therapists' experience with therapeutic touch: A phenomenological study(Doctoral dissertation, Capella University). Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/openview/f0ba7e3dc95cb68bcb81c8e8dec47faa/1?pq-origsite=gscholarcbl=18750diss=y Sharf, J., Primavera, L. H., Diener, M. J. (2010). Dropout and therapeutic alliance: A meta-analysis of adult individual psychotherapy. Retrieved from https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2010-26713-017 Shelton, K., Delgado-Romero, E. A. (2011). Sexual orientation microaggressions: the experience of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer clients in psychotherapy.Journal of Counseling Psychology,58(2), 210. Retrieved from https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2011-06863-003 Totton, N. (2016). Power in the therapeutic relationship.The Political Self: Understanding the Social Context for Mental Illness, 29. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=lSejDQAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PA29dq=Totton,+N.+(2016).+Power+in+the+therapeutic+relationship.+The+Political+Self:+Understanding+the+Social+Context+for+Mental+Illness,+29.ots=Gq33z8D3qxsig=h6z3TBKSZttpHdQSUUv3dUSv5Hg#v=onepageqf=false Tsai, M., Kohlenberg, R. J., Kanter, J. W. (2010). A functional analytic psychotherapy (FAP) approach to the therapeutic alliance.The therapeutic alliance: An evidence-based guide to practice, 172-190. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=ohV-COMVPKwCoi=fndpg=PA172dq=Tsai,+M.,+Kohlenberg,+R.+J.,+%26+Kanter,+J.+W.+(2010).+A+functional+analytic+psychotherapy+(FAP)+approach+to+the+therapeutic+alliance.+The+therapeutic+alliance:+An+evidence-based+guide+to+practice,+172-190.ots=JBl65torSJsig=h45XraXaSl0xuByqtCRLceldbHo#v=onepageqf=false Zur, O. (2014). Power in psychotherapy and counseling.The Zur Institute. Retrieved from https://www.zurinstitute.com/power_in_therapy.html Zuroff, D. C., Kelly, A. C., Leybman, M. J., Blatt, S. J., Wampold, B. E. (2010). Between?therapist and within?therapist differences in the quality of the therapeutic relationship: effects on maladjustment and self?critical perfectionism.Journal of Clinical Psychology,66(7), 681-697. Retrieved from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jclp.20683/full

Why Jerry Rockwoods Essay Life Intrudes Is Effective Essays

Why Jerry Rockwood's Essay "Life Intrudes" is Effective Jerry Rockwood's reflective essay "Life Intrudes" is effective because of the way in which he has constructed the piece. He uses the four Reflective Strategies that are derived from Reading Critically, Writing Well by Axelrod and Cooper. The strategies are; Particular Occasion, Developing the Reflection, Topical Coherence, and Engaging the Reader. It is because of Rockwood's strong and correct usage of these strategies that his essay is effective at persuading the reader to believe in his thoughts on raising children, more namely boys. In addition, Rockwood's essay is also effective at getting the reader to reflect on their own personal experiences that are relative to the subject of raising children. The first of the four reflective strategies, Particular Occasion, is "the main experience that started the writer thinking" (A&C p123). The key to this strategy is to present the occasion in a manner that entices the reader to know more about what the writer is thinking. Rockwood uses this strategy in paragraphs one and two when he vividly describes his own childhood and refers to his "squelched aggression", and how his bottled up anger helped him when he was acting. When he describes the situation that made him begin to reflect, it causes the reader to want to read more. The reader becomes curious and wants to know the reflections of the experience. Therefore, by presenting the particular occasion Rockwood effectively captures the reader's attention. The second reflective strategy that Rockwood effectively uses is Developing the Reflection. Developing the reflection is a used to explore the subject that is introduced by the Particular Occasion. This includes "both ideas about self and society and development of these ideas." (A&C p124). Rockwood does this by giving examples of the Cherokee Indian and Eskimo way of raising children. He also poses questions in paragraphs three, eight, and nine. He asks, "What should I have told my son to do?" (A&C p137) which makes the reader think of what values he should imposed on his son. In paragraph three he states a thesis, so to speak, he says, "It makes me wonder about the values that we impose in raising our children." (A&C p 136). That is Rockwood's main question, what should our values be that we raise our children with? The author effectively presents relative ideas about the subject, he also gets the reader thinking about his ideas. The third of the four reflective strategies is Topical Coherence. Topical Coherence is the veritable glue that holds reflective essays together. It is the "assurance that the reader senses that all parts of the essay seem relevant to the topic." (A&C p124). Rockwood's essay presents several different situations, but he ties them together by showing their relativity through examples. Rockwood only uses relevant examples such as how the boys of the Cherokee and Eskimo cultures are raised learning to deal with their environment. Where as his son was raised in a very sheltered manner. By correctly utilizing Topical Coherence, Rockwood keeps the reader's attention focused on the main idea or question that is being presented. The final of the four reflective strategies Engaging the Reader. This strategy is used to make the reader reflect on their own experiences. This is done by making "surprisingly apt examples, comparisons and contrasts." (A&C p126). Rockwood makes excellent use of this strategy in his final three paragraphs. He questions, "are we wrong in presenting only half the picture?" This question causes the reader to think for a moment, but he immediately follows his question with an analogy which rhetorically answers his previously stated question. The analogy is "Do you train a sailor by showing him how to tie the ropes and neglect to tell him about wind direction and tides?" These questions are effective at causing the reader to realize the idea that Rockwood is presenting. I feel as though Rockwood's essay Life Intrudes is an effective reflective essay. It made me reflect on not only how children should be raised, but also on how I should live my life. "Life intrudes" as a statement, means so much. It means to me that no matter how much you train and prepare, things go awry. This essay is certainly

Leo Tolstoy essays

Leo Tolstoy essays Though Leo Tolstoy is most well-known for his novels War and Peace and Anna Karenina, which he wrote when he was in his forties, pieces written after he turned fifty were the ones that clearly established the philosophy known as Tolstoyism. Tolstoyism is a philosophy that denounces the "artificial refinements of society" (2) material wealth, private property, alcohol and tobacco, patriotism, military conscription, and capital punishment - and advocates vegetarianism and pacifism. The paragraph cited above, form A confession, is important because it illustrates Tolstoy's reflection on his own life. This reflection would eventually lead to the author's conversion-which involved renouncing his prior emphasis on rational analysis and accepting his faith in God as the reason for human life, renouncing all of his worldly possessions, including his copyrights, and becoming a vegetarian. After his religious "rebirth,"" the author simplified his writing style in order to reach the lower and m iddle classes, and became involved in religious popularism- communion with peasants and working peple in an effort to alleviate their problems (3). Tolstoyism and religious populism have been influential to many religious radicals. Mohandas Ghandi expressed the impact that Tolstoy had on him- citing the essay entitled The kingdom of God is Within You, in which Tolstoy emphasizes the use of non-resistance to evil (4). The creation of a moral philosophy was a lifelong process for Tolstoy. Born 1828 at Yasnaya Polyana in the Russian province of Tula, the author gained recognition at the age of 24 after publishing the novel Childhood, and remained famous until his death in 1910 (5). He went into the Russian army for the four years that followed and was stationed in the Caucasus. Here, he wrote The raid in 1853, published in the, The contemporary, the same literary journal that had published Childhood. The second in his biographical trilogy, Boyho...

Meaning in Life

Meaning in Life Introduction People are expecting a lot from young people in the current world. Young people are often challenged to take up responsibilities and be critical influencers of political, social, and economic causes in the contemporary society.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Meaning in Life specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is apparent that young people are faced with a lot of challenges because the contemporary society poses innumerable challenges to an extent that they cannot take up responsibilities and shape the society as expected of them. Young people are increasingly worried about the contemporary society and the projected future society they will inherit and become critical decision makers in the society. This reignites the memories of the early years of the 20th century, especially the 1920s when critical developments in the world, like the post World War I, brought a lot of challenges. At that tim e, most countries were confronted with the task of meeting economic needs, as well as ensuring the safety of their citizens who remained vulnerable due to the effects of the war and immense competition among states. This paper presents critical views about creation of meaning in life. Critical questions to ponder As a lot of young people strive to make meaning in their lives today, it is important to explore a number of questions to gain the true sense of the term ‘meaning’. Is ‘meaning’ a subjective or an objective term? What constitutes ‘meaning’ in the lives of people in the contemporary society? The other question that needs to be answered concerns the state of the society today. This entails social, political, economic, and environmental orders and how they shape people’s mental orientations. What leakages exist in the current political, economic, environmental, and social realms? How do they affect people’s orientation and p reparedness to take up responsibility now and in the near future? Are there certain needs and expectations that must be met for people to make meaning out of their lives? What is ‘meaning in life’? In simple terms, meaning implies making sense or significance. Martos, Thege and Steger (2010) observed that meaning can be derived from two critical aspects of believe; whether people actually believe and how people believe. Also, the pattern of relations between an individual and other people in the society is critical when carrying out an implicit measurement of meaning.Advertising Looking for critical writing on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This brings in the religiosity aspect of life. George and Park (2013) noted that meaning goes hand in hand with purpose. Significance in life is attributed to the ability of a person to meet his goals and aims in life. Social support is critical in the de velopment and fulfillment of goals in life. Schnell (2009) and Steger, Frazier, Oishi and Kaler (2006) observed that one critical aspect of the well-being of people in the society, which comes out in the humanistic theories that are utilized in counselling psychology, is people’s perception of meaning in life. The perceived meaning in life is a complex issue that can only be comprehended through assessment of different factors that contribute to distress in people. Kinnier, Kernes and Tribbensee (2003) observed that people must aim at making critical contributions in the society. The three authors observed that making a contribution in the society is one of the most important ingredients of making meaning in life. On the other hand, Kray et al. (2010) observed that creation of meaning by an individual is a process. Meaning is created from important life events that a person engages in. Events emanate from a counterfactual reflection of past happenings where the constructs of reality are developed. This motivates a person to take part in an event. The meaning of life results from synthesis of past successful events and projection of the probability of succeeding in future. This is referred to as nostalgia (Routledge et al., 2012). Needs and meaning in life As noted earlier, the most critical question in the contemporary society concerns how meaning can be reinvigorated and reconstituted in the lives of people. According to Stillman and Baumeister (2009), meaning in life can only be attained through fulfillment of four main needs. These are: Sense of purpose in life, feelings of efficacy, value, and a sense of positive self worth. A look at these needs implies that meaning in life is a psychologically oriented process. A sense of purpose in life comes from synthesis of past events and the subsequent projection of future happenings. The modern world is confronted with a lot of challenges that range from degradation of the environment to vices like corrupti on, mismanagement, and the quest for personal gain. These vices have been inherited from former generations by the contemporary generation.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Meaning in Life specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This depicts a scenario where there is a blurred vision about the future due to the threats that are likened to the prevalence of a lot of vices in the contemporary society. Most of these vices keep evolving throughout generations. This justifies the high levels of frustration among the youth and adults. This group of people has a diminished level of optimism about the future due to the unethical happenings in the society (Stillman Baumeister, 2009). Whether people can control their destinies is also an issue of concern in the modern world. The feeling of efficacy is attained when people feel that they can impose controls on what takes place in their lives. However, the conditions that p revail in the world have made people wander as they seek to confront one challenge after the other. The challenges range from relation factors to physical threats like environmental degradation and climate change, the fear of terrorism and war, and the increasing inflation rates that makes it hard for people to fulfill their needs. Therefore, people only focus on securing their needs. People increasingly seek for psychological support because of increase in distress over the inability to meet their needs, or respond to different forces in the society (Maddux, 2000). According to Stillman et al. (2009), there is an increase in social exclusion in the contemporary world. This makes it hard for people to realize the need for positive self worth. Stillman and Baumeister (2009) noted that people often search for ways of ensuring that they are admirable, good, and worthy. However, these virtues cannot be justified by individuals themselves. On the contrary, the virtues have to be justifie d by other people. Unfortunately, most people are swayed by life events to an extent that they lack time to assess fellow individuals. According to Twenge (2003), the increase in levels of distress and pressure to meet needs and control events results in a state of meaninglessness in the society.Advertising Looking for critical writing on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This, in turn, makes it hard for people to focus on certain worthy courses. People still remain lonely in their minds and souls, irrespective of the perceived higher level of interaction that has been facilitated by technology and globalization (Baumeister et al., 2005). This implies that social exclusion cannot be merely looked at from the physical sense, but it should also be viewed from mental and emotional perspectives (Stillman et al., 2009). Enhancing the experience of meaning in life It is quite difficult to enhance the level at which people experience meaning in their lives due to the amount of iterative forces that play out in the minds of people. The future is quite uncertain as people keep struggling to make ends meet. However, creation of meaning can still be attained amidst the countless challenges that people face. A study that was conducted by Stillman (2010) denoted that social inclusion is critical in as far as attainment of feelings of efficacy and a sense of meani ng in people’s lives are concerned. Development of effective social interactive platforms was found to be a critical path to the creation of meaning in life. Meaning in life is attained when a person seeks to engage others in matters that are affecting him or her. In this way, it is easy to get diverse views on how to attend to the issue at hand. Social capital can be attained through embracing relationships at personal, family, communal, and national levels. This encourages exploration of socio-economic, cultural, and political factors that cause strains in the society (Lin et al., 2013). Challenges that exist in the environment, like creation of social classes that depict social boundaries, depletion of resources that are critical for pursuing goals and meeting needs, and deterioration of the state of economic and political security, are causes of disintegration and exclusion. These bar people from embracing social inclusion. Consequently, this makes it hard for people to e xperience meaning in life. However, these challenges can also pull people together (Lin et al., 2013). Practical steps to enhancing experience of meaning in life Enhancement of meaning in life is in itself an active process. It requires the active participation of an individual for the individual to enhance his or her meaning in life. Therefore, enhancement of meaning in life begins with comprehension of the environment in which an individual dwells in. Environment here means the social, economic, cultural, and political attributes of the society and the forces that emanate from within the society. Environment also means how the above attributes influence human abilities to meet their needs and shape the society. This is one way of attaining self-inclusion. Self-inclusion is one of the denominators of understanding the society and setting and attaining goals. This, in turn, helps in control destiny. The second critical step in enhancing the experience of meaning in life is the embra ce of social integration. According to Stillman et al. (2010), it is important for people to create meaningful interactions. It is easy to enhance a deeper reflection of the society in such interactions. Reflection is critical in driving away the fear and anxieties that infest the minds of people. Consequently, people result in the development of seemingly practical mechanisms of driving away the anxiety and fear. This means that people are able to control their destinies. The other thing that can enhance meaning in life is deciding to live courageously. Courage in this sense means that an individual should not focus on embracing personal security at the expense of setting goals and developing plans to guide in the achievement of the goals. Courage is the best solution for confronting fear and anxiety since fear limits a person, but courage keeps one going (Hicks Routledge, 2013). References Baumeister, R. F., Dewall, C., Ciarocco, N. J., Twenge, J. M. (2005). Social exclusion imp airs self-regulation. Journal of Personality Social Psychology, 88(4), 589-604. George, L. S., Park, C. L. (2013). Are meaning and purpose distinct? An examination of correlates and predictors. Journal of Positive Psychology, 8(5), 365-375. Hicks, J. A., Routledge, C. (2013). The experience of meaning in life: Classical perspectives, emerging themes, and controversies. Dordrecht: Springer. Kinnier, R. T., Kernes, J. L., Tribbensee, N. E. (2003). What eminent people have said about the meaning of life? Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 43(1), 105-118 Kray, L. J., George, L. G., Liljenquist, K. A., Galinsky, A. D., Tetlock, P. E., Roese, N. J. (2010). From what might have been to what must have been: counterfactual thinking creates meaning. Journal of Personality Social Psychology, 98(1), 106-118. Lin, K., Xu, Y., Huang, T., Zhang, J. (2013). Social exclusion and its causes in east Asian societies: Evidences from SQSQ survey data. Social Indicators Research, 112(3), 641-660. Ma ddux, J. E. (2000). â€Å"Self-efficacy: The power of believing you can. (in press).† In, Snyder, C. R., Lopez, S. J. (Eds). Handbook of positive psychology. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Martos, T., Thege, B., Steger, M. F. (2010). It’s not only what you hold, it’s how you hold it: Dimensions of religiosity and meaning in life. Personality Individual Differences, 49(8), 863-868. Routledge, C., Wildschut, T., Sedikides, C., Juhl, J., Arndt, J. (2012). The power of the past: Nostalgia as a meaning-making resource. Memory, 20(5), 452-460. Schnell, T. (2009). The sources of meaning and meaning in life questionnaire (SoMe): Relations to demographics and well-being. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 4(6), 483-499. Steger, M. F., Frazier, P., Oishi, S., Kaler, M. (2006). The meaning in life questionnaire: Assessing the presence of and search for meaning in life. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53(1), 80-93. Stillman, T. F., Baumeister, R. F. (2009). Uncertainty, belongingness, and four needs for meaning. Psychological Inquiry, 20(4), 249-251. Stillman, T. F., Baumeister, R. F., Lambert, N. M., Crescioni, A. W., Dewall, C. N., Fincham, F. D. (2009). Alone and without purpose: life loses meaning following social exclusion. J Exp Soc Psychol., 45(4), 686-694. Stillman, T. F., Lambert, N. M., Fincham, F. D., Baumeister, R. F. (2010). Meaning as magnetic force: evidence that meaning in life promotes interpersonal appeal. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 000(00), 1-8. doi: 10.1177/1948550610378382 Twenge, J. M. (2003). Social exclusion and the deconstructed state: time perception, meaninglessness, lethargy, lack of emotion, and self-awareness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(5), 409-423.

Ethics and Corruption at News International Essay

Ethics and Corruption at News International - Essay Example In considering the scandal it’s clear that the practices demonstrated large-scale institutional corruption, yet the breach of ethics outside of regular social legitimacy may not be as dramatic as they seem on the surface. The most overarching concern in terms of corruption at News International is the organizational breaching of ethical conduct. In this context of understanding it’s clear that one of the major contributing factors was organizational leadership. Stakeholder theory is a major conceptual model that investigates notions of organizational leadership. Essentially, stakeholder theory is an approach to business ethics that attempts to investigate what really counts in organizations (Phillips, 2003). While there are varying models in this area of analysis, in terms of News International, one considers the failure of leadership to emphasize ethical responsibility and journalistic integrity. I believe that greatly contributing to the pivotal breakdown that lead to the organizational corruption is the very nature of the subject matter that was covered. Tied in with notions of journalism are notions of contributing to the public good. Indeed, journalism has popularly been referred to as the fourth estate, as it can function almost as another aspect of government (Smith 2011). Following organizational stakeholder theory, ethical responsibility of the fourth estate is such that the ‘why’ of the organization is directly in-line with publically accepted means of information gathering and dissemination. This can be contrasted with many of the News International publications, most notably News of the World, which eschewed traditional journalistic content for an investigation of gossip that can only marginally be argued to constitute news. I believe, following the stakeholder approach to organizational ethics, that in this shift away from operating as the fourth estate, News International also shifted away from any coupling with ethical approaches to information gathering. In these regards, it follows that intrinsic to the very nature of gossip based journalism are organizational propensities towards corruption. One considers then that in addition to banning these forms of information gathering the government should consider banning the forms of gossip reporting that News International produces. Although it is easy and appropriate to fault News International for gross ethical misconduct, I believe the more pressing considerations are those that consider organizational elements that allowed for such practices to occur. One of the most pervasive theoretical models that one considers in relation to the events at News International is institutional theory. Institutional theory is an approach to organizations that argues despite individual backgrounds, including education and ethical tendencies, the force of the institution is such that individuals will tend towards a uniform paradigm (Scott 2004). I believe that in gre at part the most staggering element of the News International scandal is that it wasn’t simply an isolated incident. In these regards, the phone hacking spanned a number of years and involved a wide array of individuals employed by the