Research Project on Cracks and Repairs

Question: Discuss about the Research Project on Cracks and Repairs. Answer: Introduction: Research Background: Cracks in any type of construction are a common problem faced by the engineers associated with the construction works. A building component creates cracks when the stress given on the component exceeds the strength of its. The cracks of the buildings can be classified into two types; they are structural cracks and non-structural cracks. The categorization of the cracks is based on the types of the cause of those. In order to prevent the buildings for the cracks several precautions can be taken at the time of developing the constructions. However, still the civil engineers are facing some serious issues in the area of the cracks on the buildings. Different types of techniques are available for preventing the construction sites form the cracks and repairing the cracks if appeared after construction. In order to perform the crack repairing operation several advance technologies are available in the area of the construction engineering. The current research study will give focus in the area of the different types of cracks and the prevention and repairing techniques that can be applied in the field of the civil engineering. In the research study, it will be analyzed that whether the traditional approaches are good enough or the advance innovative techniques are better for repairing the cracks of the constructions projects. Research Aim and Objectives: The main aim of this particular research study is to find out the different types of techniques in the area of the crack repairing in the area of the construction engineering. In order to conduct the whole research study with this particular aim the researcher will follow these objectives: To understand the various types of reasons behind the cracks To understand the different types of techniques available for repairing the cracks To understand the efficiency of the different techniques of cracks repairing at the present time Research Questions: The research objectives of his research study are converted into some questions. In the whole research study the researcher will try to find out the answers of these research questions: 1. What are the main reasons behind the cracks of the buildings? 2. What are the various types of techniques are available for cracks repairing? 3. How effective are the techniques of the cracks repairing in the context of the present world constructions? Structure of the research study: The research paper of this research study will be divided into five chapters: Chapter 1: Introduction The first chapter the research paper will be about the background of the research, research aim, objectives, questions and the structure of the research project. Chapter 2: Literature Review Pervious research papers and journals will be reviewed in this section for understanding the basic factors of the cracks and repairs. In this sections the opinions of the previous researchers in this area will be studied and analyzed for the further progress of the research project. Chapter 3: Research Methodology The method of conducting the research study will be discussed in this chapter. Available research methods and the justification of selecting one will be discussed in this chapter. Chapter 4: Data Collection and Analysis The secondary data of the research study will be collected and analyzed in this chapter of the research paper. Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendation The results of the data collection of the research project will be compared with the findings of the literature review. The objectives of the research study will be checked for understanding whether those are achieved or not. After that the final conclusion and recommendations of the research project will be drawn in this final chapter of the research paper. Literature Review: Hill (2015) has classified the cracks into two categories; they are: structural cracks and non structural cracks. The reason behind the two types of the cracks are different, the structural cracks are developed due to the faults in the construction mainly. Overloading is another major reason of the structural cracks. On the other hand the non structural cracks are developed for the internal induces. Dexter and Ocel (2013) categorized the cracks of the buildings into three categories. They are: thin cracks, medium cracks and wide cracks based on the width of the cracks. Chu et al. (2014) identified the moisture movement as a major reason of the cracks of the construction sites. The elements of the construction sites cannot resist the changes of the moisture level of the environment and the cracks developed. As per the opinion of Aggelopoulos, Righiniotis and Chryssanthopoulos (2014), the thermal movement of the environment is also a major reason of the cracks in the buildings. Due to the different types of the atmospheric temperature, the components of the construction projects cannot resist and the cracks are developed. As per Rodriguez?Sanchez et al. (2014), the traditional approach of repairing the cracks is the crack stitching method. In this method, the cracks are cleaned and then raked at first. Then cement sand and lime sands are used to fill the raked cracks. The approach is divided into 7 steps. The first step is cleaning the crack area. In the second step, the cracks are raked safely without creating major damage to the area. In the next step, the joints are cleaned and then the dusts are removed with wire brush. After the cleaning the raked joints are filled with 1:6 cement and 1:3 lime sand mortar. Then minimum 7 days water sprinkling is required for making the joint hard. According to Hattori, Hanji and Tateishi (2015), an innovative way of rectifying the cracks is the use of bacteria for cracks repairing. Three organic compounds are used for the crack repairing purposes. These are calcium glutamate, calcium lactate and peptone. These are used as bio-mineral precursor compound in the concretes of the constructions projects. The bacteria or the organic compounds are as a healing element for the cracks in the concretes (Laverty et al. 2015). At the point when the solid is blended with microorganisms (bacillus subtilus), the microscopic organisms go into a lethargic express, a considerable measure like seeds. Every one of the microscopic organisms need is presentation to the air to enact their capacities. Any breaks that ought to happen give the fundamental presentation. At the point when the splits shape, microscopic organisms nearness to the break, begins hastening calcite gems. At the point when a solid structure is harmed and water begins to leak thr ough the splits that show up in the solid, the spores of the microbes grow on contact with the water and supplements (Fakharifar et al. 2016). The limestone cements on the split surface, along these lines fixing it up. Oxygen is a crucial component during the time spent consumption of steel and when the bacterial action has devoured it all it expands the toughness of steel fortified solid developments (Murray and Clare 2012). As per Seref?Ferlengez et al. (2014), the traditional approach of the cracks repairing can be performed by applying the cement-bound mortal through a spatula. Cracks can also be repaired by using CaCO3 related bacteria. Self-mending cement ought to have the capacity to recuperate or seal, by filler material development, naturally framed breaks to restrain entrance of water and different chemicals which could bring about preparatory corruption of the material lattice or inserted fortification. In this study we examined the bio-mineral creation limit of concrete stone example in which microscopic organisms were joined as recuperating specialist (Klimpel et al. 2014). The incorporated microscopic organisms connected in this study are subsidiary to soluble base safe spore-framing types of the variety Bacillus. Microscopic organisms of this gathering, and especially their thick-walled spores, were already appeared to have the capacity to survive bond stone fuse. Dexter and Ocel (2013) men tioned this strategy as an eco-friendly method. The self healing abilities provide more durability to the elements of the construction projects. Research Methodology: In order to conduct a research study, it is vital to choose a proper research methodology for conducting the different types of activities required for the research study. It is about to select the philosophy of the research study, method of designing the whole research work, method of collecting the data and analyzing the data for fulfilling the objectives of the research work (Klassen et al. 2012). The current research work will be conducted by following the positivism research philosophy and descriptive design. This will be qualitative data regarding the different types of available approaches in the area cracks and repairs. The whole research work will be conducted by gathering the secondary data. Therefore, it will be qualitative secondary research study. The chosen philosophy of the research study will be the realism philosophy (Harrison, R. L. and Reilly 2011). A systematic research approach will be followed by the researcher for concluding the research study by fulfilling the objectives of the study. The research approach of the study is the inductive research approach and descriptive design will be used for the research work. All the methods are chosen as these are the most superior ones on the basis of the present research work. The data will be mostly collected from the research papers or journal articles written and published by previous researchers (Mitchell and Jolley 2013). The data sources that will be used for this purpose are the online library and other authentic web sources. Many research works have been conducted in the area of the cracks repairing in the area of the engineering studies (Harrison and Reilly 2011). Therefore, these research papers will be used for gathering the information of the different types of approaches in this area and the efficiency of the each of the approaches. Ethical Considerations: In order to conduct the research study, the researcher needs to maintain some ethical aspects of the academic research work. The Data protection Act, 1998 needs to be maintained through the research study (Eaton 2013). The data that needs to be used for the research study should be kept secret and use for only the academic purposes only. Research Schedule: Week Activities 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Initial research activities Research topic selection Research objectives selection Literature review Methodology selection Secondary Data Collection Data analysis Conclusion and Recommendations Submission References: Aggelopoulos, E.S., Righiniotis, T.D. and Chryssanthopoulos, M.K., 2014. Composite patch repair of steel plates with fatigue cracks growing in the thickness direction.Composite Structures,108, pp.729-735. Chu, H., Jiang, L., Xiong, C., You, L. and Xu, N., 2014. Use of electrochemical method for repair of concrete cracks.Construction and Building Materials,73, pp.58-66. Dexter, R.J. and Ocel, J.M., 2013.Manual for repair and retrofit of fatigue cracks in steel bridges(No. FHWA-IF-13-020). Eaton, S. 2013. The Oxford handbook of empirical legal research. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 16(6), pp.548-550. Fakharifar, M., Chen, G., Wu, C., Shamsabadi, A., ElGawady, M.A. and Dalvand, A., 2016. Rapid repair of earthquake-damaged RC columns with prestressed steel jackets.Journal of Bridge Engineering,21(4), p.04015075. Harrison, R. L. and Reilly, T. M. 2011 "Mixed methods designs in marketing research", Qualitative Market Research: an International Journal, 14(1), pp. 7 26 Hattori, M., Hanji, T. and Tateishi, K., 2015, May. Simple Repair Method for Fatigue Cracks in Welded Joints by Resin Injection. InIABSE Symposium Report(Vol. 104, No. 8, pp. 1-7). International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering. Hill, D., 2015. Self-healing concrete uses bacteria to repair cracks.Civil Engineering Magazine Archive,85(7), pp.44-45. Klassen, A., Creswell, J., Plano Clark, V., Smith, K. and Meissner, H. 2012. Best practices in mixed methods for quality of life research. Qual Life Res, 21(3), pp.377-380. Klimpel, A., Janicki, D., Lisiecki, A., Wilk, Z., Burda, M. and Klimpel, A.S., 2014. Repair welding of cracks in engine turbine jet apparatus ring using high-power diode laser.Welding International,28(6), pp.441-445. Laverty, S., Lacourt, M., Gao, C., Henderson, J.E. and Boyde, A., 2015. High density infill in cracks and protrusions from the articular calcified cartilage in osteoarthritis in Standardbred horse carpal bones.International journal of molecular sciences,16(5), pp.9600-9611. Mitchell, M. and Jolley, J. 2013. Research design explained. Australia: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. Murray, J.W. and Clare, A.T., 2012. Repair of EDM induced surface cracks by pulsed electron beam irradiation.Journal of Materials Processing Technology,212(12), pp.2642-2651. Rodriguez?Sanchez, J.E., Perez?Guerrero, F., Liu, S., Rodriguez?Castellanos, A. and Albiter?Hernandez, A., 2014. Underwater repair of fatigue cracks by gas tungsten arc welding process.Fatigue Fracture of Engineering Materials Structures,37(6), pp.637-644. Seref?Ferlengez, Z., Basta?Pljakic, J., Kennedy, O.D., Philemon, C.J. and Schaffler, M.B., 2014. Structural and mechanical repair of diffuse damage in cortical bone in vivo.Journal of Bone and Mineral Research,29(12), pp.2537-2544.